Simulation & Multiphysics Engineering
Understanding Extreme Transformer Failure Mechanisms
Transformer failures are not single-physics events.
They involve electrical, thermal, fluid and mechanical interactions occurring in milliseconds.
SERGI uses advanced simulation techniques to understand these mechanisms, guide design decisions and validate protection architectures.
Why Simulation Matters in Transformer Protection
Transformer failures are complex by nature.
An internal transformer fault typically involves:
- an electrical arc,
- rapid gas generation,
- violent pressure propagation,
- oil movement, stress on the tank and components.
These phenomena are:
- highly dynamic,
- strongly coupled, and impossible to address through assumption- or simplified models.
SERGI’s Multiphysics Simulation Approach
SERGI integrates simulation as a core engineering capability, not as an isolated analytical exercise.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
- CFD is used to model
- oil flow and fluid displacement,
- gas expansion and pressure propagation,
- interaction between oil, gas and internal structures.
This allows SERGI to:
- anticipate extreme flow patterns,
- identify pressure concentration zones,
- understand how dynamic loads develop and propagate.
Simulation Under Extreme Conditions
In addition to internal fault scenarios, SERGI’s simulation capabilities allow assessment of transformer behavior under extreme external conditions including:
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
- CFD is used to model
- strong wind and storm events,
- offshore and platform-induced dynamic loads,
- combined mechanical and thermal stresses.
Simulation Across SERGI’s Protection Architecture
| Protection Layer | Role of Simulation |
|---|---|
Core Mechanical Protection |
✓ Validate pressure rates and structural response. |
Tactical Protection Systems |
✓ Adapt designs to spatial and operational constraints. |
Retrofit & Modernization |
✓ Assess achievable performance within existing limitations. |
Resilience Accessories |
✓ Understand consequence-control mechanisms. |
Simulation is therefore a cross-cutting capability, reinforcing the entire protection architecture.
Reliable protection starts with understanding reality.
By mastering multiphysics simulation and combining it with real-world experience, SERGI ensures its protection solutions are physically sound, adapted to each asset, and aligned with real failure mechanisms.
